Purpose: How concentration can affect the performance rate of disinfectants in killing micro-organisms
research:
Question one: Active ingredients in Dettol ( Chloroxylenol)
The active ingredients in Dettol are chloroxylenol which is an antiseptic and disinfectant which is mainly used for skin disinfection and cleaning surgical instruments.
Question two: How does it work
Dettol is one of those chemicals which we instantly recognized by its distinctive smell. It is an aromatic compound derived from phenol, which contains a significant chlorine atom, helping us in our continuous fight against unwanted bacteria.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT:
Changes made to the method After the investigation
In this investigation, we needed to make a few changes to the method to gather a better and fair test.The first change we made was to step 2, we made a change to this step because we found that if we put water with the yogurt to make it more of a liquid which made it easier for it to be evenly spread across the agar plate. The second change we made was to step 4 with the dilutions of the savlon, we changed this step because we wanted to see the outcome of the concentration.
RESULTS
Results
Analysis:
Interpretation of the data
This data shows/ Conclusion: This data shows that my prediction of the savlon will leave a circle round the white circle paper where the bacteria have been killed by the savlon.I predicted this because the savlon is a disinfectant and should kill the bacteria.After completing The graph my Prediction was proven correct. This was proven with the picture above and how the higher concentration of the savlon had an increased amount of the circle compared to the other concentrations.
Structure of Bacteria :
Bacteria is an essential for human life as well as life on earth, bacteria has a huge role in causing disease for humans however bacteria have the benefits that are good for the health.Bacteria is a gel-like environment that is composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases. However, the cell structure contains ribosomes, chromosomes, and plasmids. The function of bacterial cells begins and ends with collecting enough nutrients to survive.
Cytoplasm- Gel-like material inside the cell which holds the cell organelles (contents).
Cell membrane- A flexible barrier which controls what enters and exits the cell.
Capsule- Outer layer which protects the cell and aids in defense against the immune system.
Ribosomes- Location of protein synthesis.
Nucleoid- Cells genetic information which codes essential life processes.
Flagellum- Tail which aids in cell movement.
Cell wall- Strong layer which piece of DNA which codes for additional NON-essential processes.
Plasmid- A small circular piece of DNA which codes for additional NON-essential processes.
The 3 life processes: Growth and Reproduction
Growth
Phase 1: lag phase-Bacteria initially placed in the culture begin to take nutrients, synthesize their RNA and their proteins. They are not ready to replicate yet.
Phase 2: Exponential or lag phase- Bacteria replicate quickly, using the readily available nutrients in the broth.
Phase 3: Stationary phase- Depletion of essential nutrients causes the bacterial growth rate and death rate to be equal during this phase.
Phase 4: Death phase- Bacteria as the nutrients are no longer readily available.
Evaluation:
I personally think that this experiment went really well, I found that this experiment was reliable because after 24 hours we gathered accurate results the were appropriate for this experiment. The information we gathered from one of the agar plates was similar for the other 2, this means that our experiment was accurate and worked better than we thought it would.The only problem we had with our experiment was that our concentration for our 50% had a bigger clear circle around the white ring compared to the 100% concentration as well as our % concentration, I think something went wrong while we were doing the experiment. Because the results showed that the 0% concentration killed off bacteria and it shouldn't have. Because water can't kill bacteria. And for next time we should make sure that all the concentrations are measured right and make sure nothing goes wrong. .I found that my hypothesis( I predict that the savlon will leave a circle round the white circle paper where the bacteria have been killed by the savlon.I predict this because the savlon is a disinfectant and should kill the bacteria.) was accurate because we got the results we needed for the right information.
Bibliography:
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT:
AIM: I want to investigate how different concentrations of disinfected stop the bacteria from growing.
Hypothesis: I predict that the savlon will leave a circle round the white circle paper where the bacteria have been killed by the savlon.I predict this because the savlon is a disinfectant and should kill the bacteria.
Purpose: How different disinfectant concentrations can affect the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms.
FAIR TEST
The dependent variable will be measured in millimetres, I will do this by using a ruler and measuring it from one side of the circle to the other side of the circle.
How will you ensure that your results are reliable? Our results were reliable Because we used three agar plates, This gave us similar result on each agar plate.This helped us gather a better understanding of how savlon reactions with bacteria in 48 hours.Our results we similar because we made sure every step we did was actuate and didn't mix the concentrations together.This also helped us to be able to see the size of the circle from the disinfected ring this helped us determine if we made a mistake.
Notes from your trials. We note that having the three agar plates it helped us determine how well our experiment worked and if we did anything wrong.
Purpose: How different disinfectant concentrations can affect the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms.
FAIR TEST
Which variable will be changed? (This is the independent variable)
The concentration of the Savlon
How will the independent variable be changed?
we will change the independent variable by changing the number of drops of water to the number of drops of savlon
Give a suitable range of values for this variable
- 0% 0:10 concentration of water
- 10% 1:9 concentration (one drop of the 1:9(savlon) and 9 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water)
- 10% 1:9 concentration (one drop of the 1:9(savlon) and 9 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water)
-50% 5:5 concentration (one drop of the 5:5(savlon) and 5 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water )
- 100% 10:0 concentration (one drop of 10:0(savlon) and 0 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water )
- 100% 10:0 concentration (one drop of 10:0(savlon) and 0 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water )
FAIR TEST
Which variable will have to be measured or observed in order to get some data or information from the investigation? (This is the dependent variable)
The variable that will be measured is the circle rings around the Savlon paper that have the different concentrations of savlon to see how much bacteria has been killed.
How will the dependent variable be measured or observed?
| |
Other variables
|
Describe how this variable will be controlled or kept the same.
|
| Bacteria (yogurt) | we will keep this the same by adding water to the yogurt making it easier to spread across the agar plate this will then keep the bacteria controlled because we will make it all the same amount and keep it inside the agar plate. |
| Ethanol (Sterilize equipment ) | We will keep the Ethanol the same by dipping the tweezers into the Ethanol and then putting it through the flame to keep it sterilized.This will help keep it controlled by having the amount of ethanol put on the tweezers when they are put into the jar making sure you have roughly the same amount of ethanol on the tweezers and then through the flame. |
| Pipette | We will keep the pipette the same by making sure we keep it clean each time we go and get another concentration. This will help keep it controlled by making sure we dont mix the concentration together when getting the water and keeping it clean |
How will you ensure that your results are reliable? Our results were reliable Because we used three agar plates, This gave us similar result on each agar plate.This helped us gather a better understanding of how savlon reactions with bacteria in 48 hours.Our results we similar because we made sure every step we did was actuate and didn't mix the concentrations together.This also helped us to be able to see the size of the circle from the disinfected ring this helped us determine if we made a mistake.
Notes from your trials. We note that having the three agar plates it helped us determine how well our experiment worked and if we did anything wrong.
Equipment:
-Agar plate -Yoghurt -Savlon -Spotting tile -Water -Pipette
-Tweezers -Ethanol -Pen -Cotton bud -Filter paper
-Whole punch -Tape -Bunsen burner
METHOD:
1.label the agar plate into four sections
2.smear the yogurt evenly around the plate with a cotton bud.
3.fill one-half of the beaker of water and one-half of a small beaker with savlon.
4.dilute the savlon in the spotting tile
- 0% 0:10 concentration of Savlon
- 10% 1:9 concentration (one drop of the 1:9(savlon) and 9 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water)
-50% 5:5 concentration (one drop of the 5:5(savlon) and 5 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water )
- 100% 10:0 concentration (one drop of 10:0(savlon) and 0 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water )
- 100% 10:0 concentration (one drop of 10:0(savlon) and 0 drops of water making sure you clean the water each time you go into the water )
5. Hole punch the filter paper four times
6. Drip the tweezers in ethanol and wave throw flame.
7. Use the tweezers to pick up one hole punched circle when dropping in the 100% concentration
8.Then pick up it up and put onto the agar plate
9. Repeat the ethanol in the flame process, use the tweezers to pick up the next whole punched circles in the concentration and repeat the process with all four circles
10. When done tape the end of the agar plate and leave overnight.
Changes made to the method After the investigation
In this investigation, we needed to make a few changes to the method to gather a better and fair test.The first change we made was to step 2, we made a change to this step because we found that if we put water with the yogurt to make it more of a liquid which made it easier for it to be evenly spread across the agar plate. The second change we made was to step 4 with the dilutions of the savlon, we changed this step because we wanted to see the outcome of the concentration.
RESULTS
Results
Analysis:
Interpretation of the data
This data shows/ Conclusion: This data shows that my prediction of the savlon will leave a circle round the white circle paper where the bacteria have been killed by the savlon.I predicted this because the savlon is a disinfectant and should kill the bacteria.After completing The graph my Prediction was proven correct. This was proven with the picture above and how the higher concentration of the savlon had an increased amount of the circle compared to the other concentrations.
Evaluation: Discussion and Evaluation of the Method and Data: Some of the questions i asked myself during this experiment were...
- How does savlon kill bacteria?
- What is savlon the made up of?
- why do bacteria grow so fast?
- what are disinfectants?
- what do those chemicals do to the structure
- What is the difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic
The chemical we used to kill the bacteria was savlon which is a disinfectant. Disinfectants are liquid chemicals that kill bacteria.savlon works by using the two antiseptics cetrimide and chlorhexidine gluconate to kill bacteria These .The difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic is a disinfectant are supposed to destroy microorganisms which then infects non-living objects and an Antiseptics are used to kill living cells to destroy any type of infections.Savlon breaks through the cell membrane because one end of the molecule has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge this means when we use savlon they shatter the cell membrane as well as destroy the balance inside the cell.
I personally think that this experiment was reliable because it gave me the information I was looking for and how much the savlon killed off the bacteria.
I personally think that this experiment was reliable because it gave me the information I was looking for and how much the savlon killed off the bacteria.
Structure of Bacteria :
Cytoplasm- Gel-like material inside the cell which holds the cell organelles (contents).
Cell membrane- A flexible barrier which controls what enters and exits the cell.
Capsule- Outer layer which protects the cell and aids in defense against the immune system.
Ribosomes- Location of protein synthesis.
Nucleoid- Cells genetic information which codes essential life processes.
Flagellum- Tail which aids in cell movement.
Cell wall- Strong layer which piece of DNA which codes for additional NON-essential processes.
Plasmid- A small circular piece of DNA which codes for additional NON-essential processes.
Growth
Phase 1: lag phase-Bacteria initially placed in the culture begin to take nutrients, synthesize their RNA and their proteins. They are not ready to replicate yet.
Phase 2: Exponential or lag phase- Bacteria replicate quickly, using the readily available nutrients in the broth.
Phase 3: Stationary phase- Depletion of essential nutrients causes the bacterial growth rate and death rate to be equal during this phase.
Phase 4: Death phase- Bacteria as the nutrients are no longer readily available.
Evaluation:
I personally think that this experiment went really well, I found that this experiment was reliable because after 24 hours we gathered accurate results the were appropriate for this experiment. The information we gathered from one of the agar plates was similar for the other 2, this means that our experiment was accurate and worked better than we thought it would.The only problem we had with our experiment was that our concentration for our 50% had a bigger clear circle around the white ring compared to the 100% concentration as well as our % concentration, I think something went wrong while we were doing the experiment. Because the results showed that the 0% concentration killed off bacteria and it shouldn't have. Because water can't kill bacteria. And for next time we should make sure that all the concentrations are measured right and make sure nothing goes wrong. .I found that my hypothesis( I predict that the savlon will leave a circle round the white circle paper where the bacteria have been killed by the savlon.I predict this because the savlon is a disinfectant and should kill the bacteria.) was accurate because we got the results we needed for the right information.
Bibliography:
- https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant
- https://www.broschdirect.com/blog/how-disinfectants-and-antiseptics-work
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