Rates Of Reaction

Experiment 1-   Investigating the effect of temperature on reaction rate

Aim:
I want to investigate how the temperature effects the reaction rate.
Equipment:
.Conical flask
.Beaker
.Measuring cylinder
.Stopwatch
.Black cross on paper 'X'
.Water bath
.Thermometer
.0.1 mol/L sodium thiosulfate
.1.0 mol/L Hydrochloric acid

Method:

1. Put the 'X' paper on the bench mat,and put the conical flask on top of the paper.
2. Measure 50ml of sodium thiosulfate solution and put it into the beaker.
3. Record the temperature of the sodium thiosulfate.
4. measure 50ml of Hydrochloric acid and pour this into the conical flask.
5. pour the sodium thiosulfate into the conical flask,start the stopwatch and swirl the flask.time how long it takes for the cross to disappear when viewed from above (i.e. look down the mouth of the conical flask)
6. wash out the flask thoroughly.
7. repeat the experiment,using a water bath to heat the sodium thiosulfate to 30C. Then 40C and finally 50C. keep the volume of acid the same each time. 

Results:

1. 19 degrees took 25.06 seconds 
2. 30 degrees took 9.05 seconds 
3. 40 degrees took 7.05 seconds 
4. 50 degrees took 2.07 seconds  

Conclusion:

A chemical reaction is when two reactants collide.

They must collide with enough force, correct orientation and catalysts.

As I increase the temperature they will move faster.

which means that rate of the reaction will increase.

Experiment 2-   Investigating the effect of concentration on reaction rate 

Aim:
I want to investigate how the effect of concentration  reaction rate.

Equipment:
.Conical flask
.Beaker

.Measuring cylinder
.Stopwatch
.Black cross on paper 'X'
.Water bath
.Thermometer
.0.1 mol/L sodium thiosulfate
.1.0 mol/L Hydrochloric acid

Method:

1. Put the 'X' paper on the bench mat,and put the conical flask on top of the paper.
2. Measure 10ml of sodium thiosulfate solution and put it into the beaker.
3. measure 40ml of water and put it into the conical flask.swirl the flask to mix the contents 
4. measure 5ml of acid.pour the acid into the flask .start the stopwatch,and swirl the flask.time how long it takes for the the cross to disappear.
5. wash out the flask thoroughly.repeat the experiment using the other volumes of sodium thiosulfate and water in the table on the right.keep the volume of acid the same each time.

Results:


10mL Thiosulfate/40mL Water took 17.35 minutes for the X to disappear.
20mL Thiosulfate/30mL Water took 2.45 minutes for the X to disappear.
30mL Thiosulfate/20mL Water took 1.32 minutes for the X to disappear.
40mL Thiosulfate/10mL Water took 1.05 minutes for the X to disappear.
50mL Thiosulfate/0mL Water took 43 seconds for the X to disappear.


Conclusion:

A chemical reaction is when two reactants collide.
They must collide with enough force, correct orientation and catalysts.
As I increase the concentration they will move faster.

Experiment 3-    observing the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction

Aim: To observe the effect of a copper catalyst on the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid.

Equipment: Three test tubes.test tube rack ,10ml measuring cylinder, dropping pipette granulated zinc ,copper turnings or powder,Dilute sulfuric acid

Method: 

1. add roughly the same mass of zinc to test tubes 1 and 3 
2. add roughly the same mass of copper to test tubes 2 and 3 
3. add 5ml of dilute sulfuric acid to test tube 1.note the rate if production of gas bubbles.
4. add 5ml of the acid to test tube 2.note the rate of production of the gas bubbles 
5. add 5ml of the acid to test tube 3.note the rate of production of the gas bubbles

Results :
Test tube 1 - Immediately started bubbling
Test tube 2-  Started to fizz
Test tube 3- Started bubbling and fizzing


Conclusion:

Experiment 4-  Observing the effects of surface area on reaction rate

Aim: To make simple observations during a reaction between calcium carbonate chips and powder,with hydrochloric acid

Equipment:  Boiling tube,calcium carbonate chips and powder,Hydrochloric acid,measuring cylinder spatula

Method: 

1. Measure 2ml of hydrochloric acid and pour this into your boiling tube.
2. holding your boiling tube over a sink or heatproof mat,add a pea-sized amount of calcium carbonate powder to your boiling tube.record your observations.below

Observations of powder : Started fuzzing at the contact of the hydrochloric acid 

1. Repeat the experiment,but this time use a chip of calcium carbonate that is roughly the same size as the spatula of powder you used previously.record your observations below 

Observation of    chips: takes time to fuzz because it is reacting with a solid instead.

Conclusion: